Web maps are interactive online maps that enable users to explore spatial information in real time through actions such as panning, zooming, filtering layers, or clicking on different points of interest to reveal additional data.

The Center for GIS (CGIS) at Towson University recently developed a web map for the Towson University campus. The new interactive maps allow users to:

  • Search for campus departments, buildings and garages, and see what offices and amenities are located inside
  • Connect to location-based walking and driving directions for every campus building
  • Send direct links to campus buildings and parking to help visitors navigate more easily
  • Find convenient shuttle routes, shuttle stops and parking options — including visitor parking, loading spaces and charging stations
  • See accessibility information, including accessible pathways, exterior stairs, entrances with powered accessibility doors and paratransit stops

Because web maps rely heavily on visual and interactive design, they can unintentionally exclude users who rely on assistive technologies or alternative ways of experiencing content.

Accessibility challenges in web maps

Despite their usefulness, web maps can present unique accessibility barriers that are not always easily addressed by standard web accessibility practices:

  • Visual impairments: With web maps being an inherent visual medium, users that have visual challenges such as colorblindness or low/no visual capabilities may not be able to perceive map details to the same degree as other users.  Without proper alternatives, assistive technologies may not be able to properly convey spatial information or relationships.
  • Motor impairments: Interactive features such as dragging, clicking small markers, or pinching to zoom can be challenging for users with limited fine motor control. If maps require precise gestures or mouse actions, users who navigate with keyboards, switch devices, or alternative input methods may not be able to fully interact with the map.
  • Assistive technology compatibility: Because web maps are often rendered dynamically with JavaScript, screen readers that generally prioritize text and semantic HTML may not be able to effectively access map elements such as graphics, markers, or popup content without developers consciously providing text alternatives and ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) roles.

Improving web map accessibility is not just good practice but rather a step toward inclusive design that serves all users, regardless of ability. In future blog posts, I’ll explore practical strategies for making web maps accessible to everyone.